A Review on the Impact of Heavy Metals on Female Fertility

Abstract

In human health status, the quality of the environment plays an important role. With increased demand for industrial products, food, consumption by continuous growth of human population leads to excessive environmental contamination. The heavy metal group represents pollutants and in natural conditions these elements are not only decompose resistant but may also bio-magnify and bio-accumulate in the food chains which concerns with health problems, seriously connected with a annual emission rate globally. Environment exposure to the most comprehensively distributed pollutants like Cd, Pb, Hg and their contamination causes the main health hazards and at the same time heavy metals exhibits a high level of toxicity against living organisms. According to the considerable toxicological study report from the recent decades, the heavy metals adverse effect on human beings as immunodeficiency, kidney & other organ failures, neurotoxicity, osteoporosis as well as latent involvement in impaired fertility. Epidemiologically and clinically, it is difficult to interpret the metal-induced effect on female reproduction as other factors are also involved. Toxic manifestations depend on intensity of exposure, timing and duration. The eco-toxicological and risk evaluation needs further critical investigation. Along with the implementation of law regulations for the emission limits, the development of awareness campaigns are also required to decrease the harmful habits & lifestyle to develop the successful techniques for fertility protection.