A Review on the Heightened Mechanical Features of Nanosilica-Based Concrete and the Response of Human Fibroblasts to Nanosilica

Abstract

Cement is utilized extensively in the manufacturing of concrete, which makes it the most common material used in building construction. However, the usage of a great deal of cement results in a great deal of CO2 emissions, which leads to the greenhouse effect. Numerous studies have developed the use of nano-SiO2 in concrete materials to lower the cement content of concrete mixtures while improving mechanical properties. Additionally, a number of studies have demonstrated that silica NPs trigger an inflammatory response in pulmonary fibroblasts. The main cells that produce and maintain the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the connection of the tissue are fibroblasts. Fibroblasts are involved in processes including tissue regeneration and wound healing. Similar to angiogenesis, inflammation, cancer, and pathological and physiological tissue fibrosis, fibroblasts act as intermediaries. The effect of silica nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of concrete (compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength) was succinctly presented in this paper. Likewise, a number of studies on the reaction of human fibroblasts to silica nanoparticles were evaluated. Numerous research on the addition of silica nanoparticles to concrete revealed that doing so significantly enhanced the material's mechanical properties. The controlled interaction of silica nanoparticles with human fibroblast cells was demonstrated to have potential in a number of applications, including aesthetics, intracellular drug release systems, improving scar tissue, determining the fate of biomaterials in vivo, and designing potential prosthetics and implant surfaces to reduce bacterial adhesion.