Abstract
Crumb rubber modification has been proven to enhance the properties of pure bitumen. This paper looks at some of the international standards for producing crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) and reviews the effect of crumb rubber to the rheology of crumb rubber modified bitumen. The review shows that the rheology of CRMB depends on internal factors such as crumb rubber quantity, particle size, and pure bitumen composition, and external factors such as the mixing time, temperature, and also the modification technique. These factors govern the swelling process of crumb rubber particles that lead to the increase of viscosity of the modified bitumen. However, the mixing temperature and duration can cause rubber particles to depolymerize and subsequently cause loss of viscosity. Crumb rubber modification also improves the properties of bitumen by increasing the storage and loss modulus and enhancing the high and low temperature susceptibility. The effect of crumb rubber to aging properties of CRMB is also discussed. Finally several techniques of chemical modification to terminal blends of CRMB and the subsequent improvement to the settling property of CRMB are explained.
Highlights
Crumb rubber from waste tyres has been used in pavement construction since the 1930s
Rubber crumbs can be mixed with aggregates within the asphaltic mix or blended in bitumen at a specific temperature where rubber crumbs serves as a binder modifier
Cao and Bai [32] on the other hand showed that larger crumb rubber gives a better high temperature performance and similar low temperature cracking resistance between crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) manufactured with smaller crumb rubber particle size
Summary
Crumb rubber from waste tyres has been used in pavement construction since the 1930s. Crumb rubber modification by the wet process has been shown to have the ability to help improve the rutting resistance, resilience modulus, and fatigue cracking resistance of asphaltic mixes This is due to the alteration to the property of the bituminous binder in terms of the viscosity, softening point, [1] loss modulus, and storage modulus [2]. The interaction between bitumen and crumb rubber and the factors governing the interaction process such the modification technique, mixing time, temperature, and crumb rubber characteristics are being discussed along with the properties of the resulting CRMB This is to give a comprehensive review on the effect of each factor to the property of the resulting crumb rubber modified bitumen
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