Abstract
Multi-enzyme cascade catalysis involved three types of dehydrogenase enzymes, namely, formate dehydrogenase (FDH), formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FaldDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and an equimolar electron donor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), assisting the reaction is an interesting pathway to reduce thermodynamically stable molecules of CO2 from the atmosphere. The biocatalytic sequence is interesting because it operates under mild reaction conditions (low temperature and pressure) and all the enzymes are highly selective, which allows the reaction to produce three basic chemicals (formic acid, formaldehyde, and methanol) in just one pot. There are various challenges, however, in applying the enzymatic conversion of CO2, namely, to obtain high productivity, increase reusability of the enzymes and cofactors, and to design a simple, facile, and efficient reactor setup that will sustain the multi-enzymatic cascade catalysis. This review reports on enzyme-aided reactor systems that support the reduction of CO2 to methanol. Such systems include enzyme membrane reactors, electrochemical cells, and photocatalytic reactor systems. Existing reactor setups are described, product yields and biocatalytic productivities are evaluated, and effective enzyme immobilization methods are discussed.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilThe concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in the atmosphere has been increasing since the industrial era began
The electrons generated from the oxidation of H2 O at the anodic chamber would flow through the external circuit to reach the working electrode, while the hydrogen ions (H+ ) would be distributed from the anodic chamber to the cathodic chamber by the ion-exchange membrane to combine with NAD+ to form NADH [10]
There are various types of semiconductor materials that could be applied for NADH regeneration, such as titanium oxide (TiO2 ), cadmium sulfide (CdS), iron(III) oxide (Fe2 O3 ), copper(I) oxide (Cu2 O), indium vanadate researchers, as it could enable the development of a greener and more sustainable route than the electrochemical approach
Summary
Catalysis of Carbon Dioxide in Membrane, Electrochemical Cell and Photocatalytic Reactors. Fatin Nasreen Ahmad Rizal Lim 1 , Fauziah Marpani 1,2, * , Victoria Eliz Anak Dilol 1 , Syazana Mohamad Pauzi 1 , Nur Hidayati Othman 1,2 , Nur Hashimah Alias 1,2 , Nik Raikhan Nik Him 1 , Jianquan Luo 3 and Norazah Abd Rahman 1. Dioxide in Membrane, Electrochemical Cell and Photocatalytic Reactors. Catalysis for Sustainable Water and Energy Nexus Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
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