A Review on Sonochemical Treatment of Dye Molecules

Abstract

The use of ultrasound is a very effective and suitable process for the degradation of harmful dyes. In order to elucidate the degradation mechanism, numerous studies have examined the breakdown of dye molecules in aqueous medium with different additives using ultrasonic irradiation. In this review, the basic principle of sonochemical treatment and the effect of different parameters such as pH, irradiation time, different additives like NaCl, Na2SO4, CCl4, H2O2, ZnO nanoparticle etc. on sonolytic degradation of the organic dyes are discussed. From the studies it is concluded that the acidic condition is favorable for most of the dye degradation. Assessing the results of earlier studies we have also found that the aforementioned additives aided the degradation of dye molecules depending on their amount used in sonication with relatively higher or lower extent. Therefore, dye molecule from environment especially from waste water can be effectively reduced by using sonochemical irradiation process.