A review on smart water management in various domestic areas: an approach for water consumption and leakage perspectives

Abstract

One of the major issues that is affecting the water utilities in domestic areas is leakages through the distribution networks, non-revenue water estimation, and failure in the prediction of water consumption at individual spaces. This review paper basically focuses on these three important directions to understand the feasible domestic water management systems with integrated models of internet of things and artificial intelligence approaches. Different smart water management techniques have been reported in the literature to improve efficiency and avoid non-revenue water issues, and these are consolidated in this paper. Prediction failure of water utility in the water distribution systems is also presented in this paper. This article summarises a measure of water consumption statistics, a detailed summary of non-revenue water, and leak detection technologies at extensive areas to provide a wide sense of understanding for the prediction of the water consumption and leakage detection.