Abstract
Loss of sight or vision loss are utmost concerned worldwide health problems resulting in significant financial and public loss. Eyesight helps one to capture signals from the surrounding environment and depict clear visual images. Drug delivery to the eyes has been seen as a significant task for the reason that an eye has different defensive boundaries and drug clearance system resulting from an exceptional structural and functional nature of eyes. Formulation administered into the eye in the form of regular ophthalmic formulations leads to less absorption of drug. Therefore, approaches have been carried out to advance a novel, nontoxic and effective ophthalmic drug delivery system to control the difficulties occurring by the regular formulations. Latest innovation in pharmaceutical drug design has produced stimuli responsive in-situ gel system providing continuous release action and increased ocular drug bioavailability. They act by undergoing phase conversion from solution to gel owing to the variation in ocular temperature, ions and pH in the ocular environment. Stimuli transformed gel is formed in the region of cul de sac thus combating the limitations of regular ophthalmic formulations such as less retention time and fast nasolacrimal drainage within the eyes.
Highlights
An eye is an important sensory organ that serves a doorway and receives outer images by transferring these images towards the brain in the form of signs over the optic nerve
The parameters for the assessment of the in-situ gel preparations consist of pH determination, medication concentration, isotonicity, gelling capacity, rheological examination, in vivo ocular testing, in-vitro diffusion study, antibacterial activity, clarity and accelerated stability studies
Draize eye irritation test is the very commonly used test for the detection of the ocular irritation of the eye, as this test has been used for more than 40 years. This test is proved to be very common and important but it may be painful for the test animals and because of this, from the ethical point of view this method is unaccepted. To overcome this problem Draize eye irritation test is replaced by Hens Egg Test Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) test
Summary
An eye is an important sensory organ that serves a doorway and receives outer images by transferring these images towards the brain in the form of signs over the optic nerve. In this way the link amid the body and our surrounding is established [1]. The eye is an expansion of the focal sensory structure. It has numerous usual physiological and anatomical features similar to cerebrum. Since retina and the optic nerves arise from the brain, the diseases influencing the central nervous system and eye are similar [2]
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