Abstract
Hypersensitivity or allergy encompasses a wide range of immunological reactions that generally have adverse consequences involving one or many organ systems of the body. Allergens are usually glycoprotein or chemically complex low molecular weight substances. The common allergens include pollen, fungal spores, house dust mite and house dust, animal danders, drugs, foods, insect emanations, and detritus, etc. Information on the role of insects in respiratory allergy is increasing in the literature. There are about 30 million living species of insects. These insects can broadly be classified as stinging insects, biting insects and non-stinging and non-biting insects. All materials form insets namely wings, scales, saliva; dried feces and venom can cause allergic diseases, such as rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma and urticaria. There are wide varieties of insects such as moths, butterflies, bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets, flies, beetles, cockroaches, and mosquitoes. Exposure to emanations and detritus of these insects may lead to several allergies in some genetically predisposed individuals. Therefore, it is of interest to review allergies caused by various insect’s stings and bites and their adverse effect on the human body.
Highlights
Allergy and Insect: Allergens are usually proteins or glycoprotein or chemically complex substances with low molecular weight
Skin tests with Whole Body Extract (WBE) of caddis fly resulted in immediate wheal and flare reaction in 5-7% of allergic patients
It is quite evident that insects contribute clinically important inhalant allergens to the air in respirable sized particles
Summary
Allergy and Insect: Allergens are usually proteins or glycoprotein or chemically complex substances with low molecular weight. Insect’s leads to a number of allergies that in turn results in pain, itching and appearance of redness and swelling at the bite/sting or surrounding affected areas. It has been reported that people allergic to stinging venom may possess certain serious reaction namely anaphylaxis [17, 18]. The HVA allergies have been known to cause large local reaction (LLR) or systemic allergic responses. The bee or wasp sting causes a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis. The estimated prevalence of subjects with experienced immediate systemic reactions to insect stings varies from 1-7% of the total population. There is a need of specialist evidence regarding the diagnosis with sting because the availability of venom-specific IgE is difficult In such case sensitivity test for different types of insects should be carried out. In India, blood test and skin test were most commonly used to determine insect-specific allergic reactions
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