A REVIEW ON RECENT AVAILABLE POSITIONING TECHNOLOGIES AND ITS ADVANCEMENT

Abstract

This paper reviews and compares the available positioning technology for location based applicationsuch as the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) and personal vehicle positioning. With the rapid growing trendof worldwide vehicle ownership, issues such as traffic congestion, environmental pollution, energy consumptionand road accident cases are increasing. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) which depends on location andpositioning has been identified as one of the advocated key to resolve the issues. Global Positioning System (GPS)is one of the most promising ubiquitous positioning technologies accepted worldwide for ITS application. It is discernedthat GPS alone in ITS application is not adequate since GPS faced Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) and multipatheffect. New technology integrated is needed to overcome the drawback of the current system for continuous positioning;particularly important for ITS application to be fully functional. This is the significant motivation for tremendousresearch works had been carried out to improve the performance of positioning. In this paper, advantagesand disadvantages of the recent available positioning technologies being used in the implementation of ITS such assatellite-based positioning, network-based positioning and location integration of several positioning technologiesis found to be able to improve accuracy, reliability, availability and applicability of the ITS.ABSTRAK Kertas kerja ini membandingkan teknologi penentududukan untuk aplikasi berasaskan lokasiseperti Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) serta penentududukan bagi kenderaan persendirian. Dengan trendpemilikan kenderaan yang meningkat di seluruh dunia, isu-isu seperti kesesakan lalu lintas, pencemaran alamsekitar, penggunaan tenaga dan kes-kes kemalangan jalan raya semakin serius. Intelligent Transportation System(ITS) yang bergantung kepada maklumat lokasi dan penentududukan telah dikenal pasti sebagai salah satu kaedahyang dapat membantu menyelesaikan isu-isu tersebut. Global Positioning System (GPS) adalah salah satu daripadateknologi penentududukan yang diterimapakai di seluruh dunia bagi aplikasi ITS. Namun begitu, teknologi GPSsahaja adalah tidak memadai kerana masalah Non-Line- of- Sight (NLOS) dan kesan berbilang arah (multipath).Bagi mengatasi kelemahan sistem GPS dan untuk membolehkan ITS berfungsi sepenuhnya, penentududukan yangberterusan adalah penting tanpa masalah NLOS dan kesan berbilang arah. Masalah ini telah menjadi satu motivasikepada penyelidikan bagi menambahbaik prestasi sistem penentududukan. Kebaikan dan keburukan teknologibaru penentududukan yang ada digunakan dalam pelaksanaan ITS seperti penentududukan berasaskan satelit,penentududukan berasaskan rangkaian dan Integrasi lokasi beberapa teknologi kedudukan didapati dapat meningkatkanketepatan, kebolehpercayaan, ketersediaan dan kebolehgunaan aplikasi ITS . Keywords: Positioning technologies, GPS, NLOS, multipath effect, integration