Abstract
Graphene is the most outstanding material among the new nanostructured carbonaceous species discovered and produced. Graphene’s astonishing properties (i.e., electronic conductivity, mechanical robustness, large surface area) have led to a deep change in the material science field. In this review, after a brief overview of the main characteristics of graphene and related materials, we present an extensive overview of the most recent achievements in biological uses of graphene and related materials.
Highlights
In recent years, nanoscale technologies have become the last frontier in material science and pharmaceutical development [1]
In this review, we present the most recent advancements achieved by using graphene and its related materials for biological applications ranging from biomaterials to drug delivery and theragnostics
By only a 0.1 wt.% of graphene nanoplates mixed with magnesium and zirconium, authors observed an improvement of wear resistance by 92% at 200 μN and a reduction of both wear depth and coefficient of friction of the alloy
Summary
Nanoscale technologies have become the last frontier in material science and pharmaceutical development [1]. Graphene and related materials represent the most advanced frontier in high-performance carbon materials [5] as witnessed by the European Union research council enforcing a strong action named EU Graphene Flagship [6] This plan aimed to promote basic investigation on graphene and its related derivatives in order to establish the European Community as a world leader in the field [5]. Graphene and its related materials’ features can be exploited in a wide range of applications to improve the mechanical robustness and electronic properties of composite materials [8,9,10], both plastics [11,12] and metals [13,14], even at a very limited amount its price is not negligible, hindering its way through to the market with respect to cheaper solutions [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23] Due their high cost, graphene and related materials cannot be used in cheap, large-scale production. In this review, we present the most recent advancements achieved by using graphene and its related materials for biological applications ranging from biomaterials to drug delivery and theragnostics
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