A review on prevalence, causes, preventions, and treatments of coronary artery disease

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery diseases (CAD) is a disorder of the heart and the blood vessels, which claimed 17.1 million lives a yearworldwide (World Health Organization, 2010). Men and women may develop CAD at the age of 40. Men were reported more prone toget CAD than women. However, more women than men died from CAD. Coronary heart disease (CHD) was having the high prevalencedied rate in the US general population. In the United States of America (USA), for example, CAD is the leading cause of death inadults, accounting for approximately one-third of all deaths in subjects over the age of 35-years. Atherosclerosis increases the risk ofgetting CAD. Objective: To identify studies that report prevalence, causes, preventions, and treatments of coronary artery disease.Design and data sources: Systematic review with searches in several articles related to prevalence, causes, prevention, and treatmentof CAD. Data were collected through interviews, clinical examinations, laboratory tests, electrocardiograms, previous medical historyof patients and Pose chest pain questionnaire. Results: The prevalence rate of Cad is high is various countries especially reported inUS. The primary cause of CAD is atherosclerosis. Primary and secondary prevention of Cad can be used to reduce CAD incidences.Conclusion: CAD is the major public health problem worldwide. CAD is the leading cause of death in people. People must have theawareness toward the causes and prevention of CAD. Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of the CAD. In most cases, patients withESRD have more than a 10-fold increased risk for CHD death per 1000 person-years than a patient with five Framingham risk factorsprojected over time. Preventions and treatments that could be taken are primary and secondary prevention of CAD, medication,and lifestyle changes, which includes following plant-based nutrition, exercise, drugs consumptions and cardiac catheterization.