Abstract
Nowadays, crop insufficiency resulting from soil salinization is threatening the world. On the basis that soil salinization has become a worldwide problem, studying the mechanisms of plant salt tolerance is of great theoretical and practical significance to improve crop yield, to cultivate new salt-tolerant varieties, and to make full use of saline land. Based on previous studies, this paper reviews the damage of salt stress to plants, including suppression of photosynthesis, disturbance of ion homeostasis, and membrane peroxidation. We have also summarized the physiological mechanisms of salt tolerance, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and osmotic adjustment. Four main stress-related signaling pathways, salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway, calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) pathway, and abscisic acid (ABA) pathway, are included. We have also enumerated some salt stress-responsive genes that correspond to physiological mechanisms. In the end, we have outlined the present approaches and techniques to improve salt tolerance of plants. All in all, we reviewed those aspects above, in the hope of providing valuable background knowledge for the future cultivation of agricultural and forestry plants.
Highlights
More than eight million hm2 of land worldwide is affected by salt, accounting for6% of the world’s total arable land area
When plants are exposed to high salinity, a high concentration of Na+ enters the cytoplasm through non-selective cation channels (NSCC) and high-affinity potassium transporters (HKT)
In Brini et al.’ experiment, wheat TaNHX1 and TaTVP1 were co-overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana [158] and Pennisetum alopecuroides PgNHX1 and Arabidopsis thaliana AVP1 were co-overexpressed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in Bhaskaran and Savithramm’s experiment [159]
Summary
More than eight million hm of land worldwide is affected by salt, accounting for. 6% of the world’s total arable land area. In addition to the osmotic and toxic effects, salt stress induced oxidative stress; with all these factors contributing to the deleterious effects of salinity in plants [3,4,5]. Review, we summarized the mechanism of plant salt injury, the mechanism of salt stress signaling, the mechanism of plant salt tolerance, and modifications we can implement implement on plants Through this this review, review, readers can have a more comprehensive and integrated ofof plants under saltsalt stress. Same time, we we alsoalso putput forward ourour views onon the future knowledge and genetic information for This this paper papermay mayprovide providevaluable valuablebackground background knowledge and genetic information revealing plant salt tolerance mechanisms and for future plant cultivation.All abbreviations for revealing plant salt tolerance mechanisms and for future plant cultivation.All abbreused in the text in listed.
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