Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) entered in water due to industrial activities like mining, glass, fertilizer, paper, textile, Pharmaceuticals production and others. These HMs in water above threshold level are toxic and affects soil fertility and crop productivity. HMs are biologically magnified in the upper trophic levels and pose risk to animal and human health. Removal of these HMs with growing plants in affected water/soil (phytoremediation) is an ecologically and economically effective method. These plants capable of absorbing, immobilizing, extracting, and degrading HMs. Phytoremediation capacity of the plants can be increase with the application of new researches related to process including biotechnology and genetic engineering. Present review describe the mechanism of phytoremediation, its suitable plants and recent development in the technology to enhance the removal capacity of plants for HMs, along with proper disposal methods of the harvested biomass, to prevent entry of the HMs in the food chain. To reduce the risk of HMs toxicity in water/ soil/crop and low cost biomass disposal, it is necessary to popularise the method with scientific knowledge.
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