Abstract
Solar energy is the raw material and main source for several applications of renewable energy systems; thus, knowledge about the intensity of solar irradiation is essential for efficiency of these systems. Electric energy sources capable of meeting the growing demands of society with minimal impacts to the environment and high efficiency have been object of research in the last decade. In this context, the conversion of sunlight into electricity through photovoltaic cells has become one of the most encouraged and used resources in the world. However, the most unpredictable factor, which hampers capturing solar irradiation, preventing a proper conversion of sunlight into electricity, is the presence of clouds in the sky. Many methods of tracking and prediction of irradiation were proposed to increase efficiency in the production of energy by photovoltaic cells. This article presents an updated review on the mechanisms used for tracking and irradiation prediction, and their respective methods. It begins with a brief review on photovoltaic systems and classification of its mechanisms. Then, it presents a detailed overview on the evolution of mechanisms and their corresponding methods for tracking and irradiation prediction. Finally, the authors conclude with an analysis of performance efficiency of the mechanisms and their corresponding methods presented, describing the pros and cons of the most significant proposals for tracking and irradiation prediction.
Highlights
Electric power generation in most societies depends on the limited fossil fuel sources
The following chapter presents the same, but this time for active tracking systems. After these two descriptive chapters, we introduce the equipment used for irradiation prediction and proceed to describe the mechanisms and methods using PV systems integrated with prediction methods
This research paper presents a review considering the main contributions of the past 40 years on the mechanisms and methods of tracking and prediction of irradiation in order to use in photovoltaic (PV) system for distributed electricity generation, applied to the concept of Feed in Tariffs
Summary
Electric power generation in most societies depends on the limited fossil fuel sources. These modules convert sunlight directly into electricity The efficiency of this conversion depends on the solar irradiation that reaches the surface of the PV cells, the quality and type of PV cell, its temperature, connections between cells and PV modules, adaptation of the impedance between PV modules with the DC/DC converters, and quality of AC inverters [1] [2]. When the temperature of the solar irradiation that reaches the surface of the PV cell is suitable, the conversion efficiency of energy in cells connected in PV modules depends mainly on the impedance matching. This method is well known as the maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The discussion and conclusions are presented, highlighting the applicability of these mechanisms and methods for distributed generation of electricity
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