Abstract
This paper summarizes about the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and its applications. PCF is also termed as a micro-structured and holey fiber. PCF is better than an optical fiber due to its high flexibility in design and high nonlinearity. PCF is basically an optical fiber with a low regular arrangement refractive index material in the background, with a high refractive index. Either by modifying the total internal reflection or photonic bandgap guidance, light can be guided within the PCF. A few optical parameters like birefringence, chromatic dispersion, effective mode area, loss of confinement, and nonlinearity can be determined by PCF. Due to their unique geometric structure, PCF presents special properties and capabilities that lead to an outstanding potential for sensing applications. Generally, PCF is designed to get zero dispersion wavelengths (ZDW) at the required wavelength. Henceforth, PCF is a superior option in contrast to conventional optical fiber for various applications like supercontinuum generation, biomedical image, meteorology, industrial machinery, and many more.
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