A Review on Outcome Based Education and Factors That Impact Student Learning Outcomes in Tertiary Education System

Hafiz Muhmmad Asim,Samreen Sadiq,Ashfaq Ahmed,Anthony Vaz

doi:10.5539/ies.v14n2p1

Abstract

Education opens numerous revenues to register economic expansion all around the world with specific reference to developing nations. Advancement of Pakistan in education indicators has been severely insufficient during the previous decades. Decreased financing along with inefficiency in budget expenditure plus weak management system have crippled the education sector ensuing poor educational outcomes. Outcome-based Education (OBE) has recently gained much attention in Pakistan. OBE is used in education because it clearly focuses and organizes everything in an educational system around what is necessary for all students to be able to do at the end of their learning. OBE proposes an influential and interesting option of transforming and organizing medical education. Therefore, the basic aim of this review is to highlight the tertiary education system of Pakistan and the need to shift from teacher centered to Outcome Based Education system. The review also addresses the major factors that impact student learning outcomes. Data bases were searched including Cochrane and Medline. Search strategy was designed by combining Boolean operators and key terms related to review objectives. Seven studies were included in the paper regarding the effectiveness of Outcome Based Education in different disciplines of education. The findings suggested five important factors from the literature that impact student learning outcomes including, assessment strategies, learning objectives based on level of complexity, student preferred learning styles, English language competency and Employer requirements. However, limitations were recognized in the methodology section and further recommendations were given for future researchers.

Highlights

In the early nineteenth century, investment in human resources had least importance in any nation
The basic aim of this review is to highlight the tertiary education system of Pakistan and the need to shift from teacher centered to Outcome Based Education system
As outcome based education is trending in Pakistan and there is intense need to evaluate factors that impact student learning outcomes, the current review provide a comprehensive review of the whole theme

Summary

Introduction

In the early nineteenth century, investment in human resources had least importance in any nation. Expenditures on education, continuing professional development and related other types of investments were trivial. This trend started changing during current century with the utilization of technology and science for the manufacturing of latest equipment and more advanced ways of production in Britain and later adopted by other countries as well. Nation’s growth and prosperity depends on education, competency, knowledge and efficiency of the citizens. This century can be known as Age of Capital in relation to the fact that main determining factor of nation’s criteria of standard living is how effectively it utilizes the skills, practical knowledge and competencies (Ozturk, 2008). The global statistics showed that education and economic growth are directly related to each other in a positive direction and have constancy to each other (Rahman, 2013)

Objectives

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Conclusion