A review on newer detection technologies for the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection

Abstract

COVID-19 is a sickness brought about by coronavirus responsible for causing simple to extreme complications in people. COVID-19 first case was seen in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, on December, 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) to pronounce it as a worldwide pandemic on March 11, 2020, as the pandemic has spread quickly all through the world. Regardless of extensive endeavors made to contain the infection, the infection has proceeded with its pervasiveness in numerous nations with changing levels of clinical signs. Henceforth, in this report, we discuss the various strategies, for example, serological and nucleic acid-based procedures which are accessible for the determination and successful counteraction of coronavirus. With expanding the rate of coronavirus cases, the precise and early identification of the COVID-19 is the need of great importance for viable avoidance with treatment and just as to check its spread. Reverse transcriptase-real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) measures are viewed as the highest quality level for the early identification of infection. This diagnostic technique is being utilized worldwide with recommendations from WHO and Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Reverse transcriptase real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is being done compulsory before any medical procedures and major surgeries for early detection, prevention, and management in due time course. Rapid antigen test is also a screening test used widely in hospitals for screening of COVID-19 and before the admission in hospitals. Other nucleic acid amplification test widely done for the detection of COVID-19 are RT-qPCR, next-generation sequencing, clustered regularly interspaced short pallindromic repeats, reverse transcription -loop-mediated isothermal amplification, droplet digital PCR. Some immunological tests are lateral flow, ELISA.