Abstract
Genomics and molecular biology has always been a constant source of inspiration and motivational research for worldwide researchers in field of biology and biotechnology. These two fields have always generated a huge amount of data and in order to compile and analyze those, bioinformatics came into action during last decade. Implementation of bioinformatics has a clear intention of doing all these analysis of data in efficient and fast manner in order to cut down the expensive laboratory equipment, chemicals and most precious time. Mostly genomic data is composed of sequencing results at a higher scale and that is why manual curating and handling of these data is quite difficult. Supreme aim of this review is to make awareness about bioinformatics options in cancer genomics and viral genomics apart from next generation sequencing. Next generation sequencing or high throughput sequencing has helped a lot to replace old conventional method of sequencing and with the help of recent advances in technologies. These technologies are very efficient, fast and cheaper also as compare to conventional methods. Recently used methods were also discussed under appropriate headings. Role of bioinformatics is getting bigger and bigger in management and analysis of enormous amount of biological data generated through medical, biotechnological and clinical research globally. But we still need to understand challenges and limitation of bioinformatics as well as reliability.
Highlights
In last decade most of the biological research revolved around molecular biology and genomics related studies
In genomic studies a major portion of study was focused on comparative genomics [1-4] and genome sequencing [5-9]
Population genetics studies: Genetic structure of a population refers to the number of distinct subpopulations, identified using a characteristic set of allele frequencies
Summary
In last decade most of the biological research revolved around molecular biology and genomics related studies. This is where bioinformatics tool [26-30] helped in data management. The main idea of bioinformatics was to analyze sequence, structure and function relationships, but eventually resulted in the development of new areas of research such as phyloinformatics and immunoinformatics, which translates raw data into information about evolutionary history and interaction of protein bodies [34-38].
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