A review on management of rice straw by use of cleaner technologies: Abundant opportunities and expectations for Indian farming

Abstract

Rice is the main staple crop of India, where it covers about 44 million hectares of arable land for the cultivation. To tackle the problem of in situ field burning of rice straw in various states is the major challenge for researchers, government and farmers. This review is focused on cleaner and environment friendly technologies that can apply easily for the management of straw economically and ecofriendly. Conversion of straw into biomethane , biohydrogen , manufacturing of pulp and paper, in house enzyme synthesis, biochar, bio oil production , animal feed preparation and use for the mushroom composting are incredibly achievable with the modest efforts. Proposed technologies have potential to rein the straw burning at root level and further can improve the socio economic status of farmers and public that lives in the rural areas. Many of the above said technologies are least exploited at commercial scale, because most of the Indian farmers are unacquainted from the financial and environmental benefits of these advancements. This article tends to draw the attention of agriculturists, stake holders and further will update the knowledge of extension scientists regarding the scientifically exploitation of straw in-situ or ex-situ without burning and polluting the environment with green house gases (GHGs). • Critically reviewed the progressive and cleaner technologies for the possible management of rice straw. • Many implications discussed, how these technologies can improve the economy of agriculturists. • Comprehending of an ethical concepts behind the campaign for ceasing the straw burning. • Initiatives taken by government and private sectors for reining the straw burning incidents.