A Review on Magnetotactic Bacteria and Magnetosomes: Recent Trends and Multivalent Advances

Abstract

Magnetosome are forthwith one of the potential biosolutions for researchers exploring different aspects related to biomedical and biotechnology applications. Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are members of prokaryotes. They appear in different morphoforms and produce unique organelles called Magnetosomes (MS). The magnetosomes help bacteria in survival through imparting unique properties to navigate across the earth's geomagnetic field. The whole bacteria as well as magnetosomes prove suitable tool for multivalent applications, thus they turn out to be a challenge to researchers with respect to production yield. The discovery of a new wild type, magnetosome-over producing MTB strains allowing higher yield of magnetic nanoparticles is therefore critically needed to achieve a sustainable production of biologically derived magnetic nanoparticles. Therefore, is the necessity to explore biota in search of magnetotatic bacteria, and subsequently their multifaceted metabolism and iron-biomineralization process. Through this review, we focus on the diversity of Magnetotactic bacteria and their potential applications of magnetosomes in different sectors including biomedicine. Various research on this study is to emphasize the wide range of applications of these bionanomagnets in biomedical research, as well as recent breakthroughs and future research directions using magnetotactic bacteria in biomedicine.