A review on long-term electrical power system modeling with energy storage

Chun Sing Lai,Giorgio Locatelli,Andrew Pimm,Xiaomei Wu,Loi Lei Lai

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124298

Chun Sing Lai, Giorgio Locatelli + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124298

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Abstract

Driven by the demand for intermittent power generation, Energy Storage (ES) will be widely adopted in future electricity grids to provide flexibility and resilience. Technically, there are two classes of ES for storing low-carbon energy: Generation-Integrated Energy Storage (GIES) and non-GIES. GIES stores energy along with the transformation between the primary energy form (e.g., thermal energy) and electricity. Long-term Electrical Power System Models (LEPSMs) support analysis including decarbonization studies and energy technology assessments. Current LEPSMs are limited in describing the power system with ES (e.g., considering one type of ES and not considering GIES). Consequently, a novel LEPSM is needed, and this paper paves the way towards this goal by bringing together the literature on ES and LEPSMs. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of LEPSMs and shows that (a) existing models are inadequate to address grids with a high percentage of renewables and ES; and (b) there is a challenge in integrating short-term temporal changes in LEPSMs due to model complexity and computational cost. Finally, this paper proposes a framework for long-term electrical power system modeling considering ES and low-carbon power generation, which we have named the long-term power flow electrical power system framework. The key features of this novel framework are its agent-based modeling of consumer behavior, scenario reduction for renewables, and power flow analysis.

Highlights

To achieve a low-carbon economy, the penetration of nondispatchable renewables in electrical power systems needs to be increased over the coming decades (Lai et al, 2017a)
Driven by the challenges described in this paper, we have proposed a framework for Long-term Electrical Power System Models (LEPSMs), named the Long-term power flow Electrical Power System Framework (LEPSF), to investigate the technological, environmental, and economic feasibility of electrical power systems with low-carbon power generation as well as generation-integrated and non-generation-integrated Energy Storage (ES)
The amount of ES capacity in power systems will continue to increase with the increase of low-carbon power generation

Summary

Introduction

To achieve a low-carbon economy, the penetration of nondispatchable renewables in electrical power systems needs to be increased over the coming decades (Lai et al, 2017a). Energy Storage (ES) is becoming increasingly important in providing energy and power balancing for the grid. Liu and Du (Liu and Du, 1016) claimed that there is a significant technical impact for preserving the demand and supply balance of renewable energy and minimizing energy costs by selecting the right ES technology. ES technologies have dissimilar capital, safety, and technology risks due to their different technical complexity. Liu and Du (Liu and Du, 1016) proposed a multi-criteria decision support framework for ES technology selection based on group decision-making perspectives. They noted that there are greater risks for the ES system when many types of ES technologies are integrated. Determining the optimal ES technology mix when accounting for multidimensional risks is an ongoing challenge

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