A REVIEW ON LIPOMA AND ITS GENETIC INTERVENTIONS

Jisa Elizabath Sabu Jisa Elizabath Sabu,Angelin Jaimon Augustine Angelin Jaimon Augustine,Aleesha R Aleesha R,Bharat Mishra Bharat Mishra

doi:10.46956/ijihd.vi.103

Jisa Elizabath Sabu Jisa Elizabath Sabu, Angelin Jaimon Augustine Angelin Jaimon Augustine + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.46956/ijihd.vi.103

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Abstract

Lipomas are benign soft tissue fatty tumours that most commonly appear in the third decade of life when fatty tissue accumulates. Histologically, lipoma is composed of mature fat cells with a thin fibrous capsule. Simple lipomas account for 80% of adipose tissue tumours. The aetiology may be genetic like Familial Multiple Lipomatosis. Some tumours, like the well differentiated Liposarcomas never metastasize unless they undergo de-differentiation. They can be introduced as Atypical Lipomatous Tissue, ALT. Southern blot analysis is performed by obtaining DNA from ALT, cases in which most of them are characterized by the presence of supernumerary ring and long marker chromosomes. The complex chromosome region contains genes MDM2, CDK4, HMGI- C, SAS, GLI, CHOP, OS4 and OSP. Most of ALTs, after analysis revealed amplification of CDK4 and MDM2 proto- oncogenes that play major role in permitting over ride of block operated on cell proliferation. Immuno-histochemical results have shown MDM2 over expression in about 50% of ALTs along with weak CDK4 immuno-positivity. Also the lipomas with Gene fusion transcripts have the expression of certain genes, HMGA2/LPP, HMGA2/RDCI and HMGA2/NFIB. Of these 98% of cases were analyzed for the possible expression of HMGA2/LPP and LPP- HMGA2 fusion genes using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Over all these cases, shows non-enhanced adipocyte apoptosis and enhanced adipogenesis in lipoma tissue. Thus studies provide insights into molecular pathogenesis of lipomatous tumour and representation of distinctive subset of mesenchymal neoplasms with mature adipocyte differentiation.

Highlights

INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUNDLipomas are benign neoplasm of mesenchymal origin which are composed of mature adipocytes and encapsulated by a thin layer of fibrous tissue
Atypical lipomatous tumors (ALTs), the well differentiated liposarcomas never metastasize unless they undergo dedifferentiation.They develop on the soft tissues of limbs and in retroperitoneum
A unique subset of mesenchymal neoplasms that has been designed by atypical lipomatous tumours which has been sketched by mature adipocytic differentiation

Summary

Introduction

Lipomas are benign neoplasm of mesenchymal origin which are composed of mature adipocytes and encapsulated by a thin layer of fibrous tissue. They are found subcutaneously and felt superficially where they occur predominantly on abdomen, shoulder and upper back. Lipomas affects mainly males and people within the age group of 40 to 60 years. It doesn’t pose any threat to the patient unless they encroach joints, nerves or if they are rapidly growing. Atypical lipomatous tumors (ALTs), the well differentiated liposarcomas never metastasize unless they undergo dedifferentiation.They develop on the soft tissues of limbs and in retroperitoneum. Fluorescence in in-situ hybridization shows the chromosomal region 12q 13-15 is the amplified component within the long marker chromosomes of ALTs [3]

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