Abstract
The progress of solar cell technology in the development of clean and economic quaternary compound copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS)-based absorber thin films using the spray pyrolysis technique are presented in this review. CZTS (Cu2ZnSnS4) is the only potential competitor for the existing solar thin film absorbing materials owing to its environment-friendly Earth abundant constituents. Even though different nonvacuum thin film technologies have been developed for the large area fabrication of this nontoxic absorber material, spray pyrolysis technique offers more versatility in changing the process parameters which has a direct impact on the cell efficiency. It can be used for depositing a wide variety of materials even with complex composition with good crystallinity, and the method has the advantage of being flexible and straightforward to design and can be quickly adopted for extensive area deposition. A survey on the effects of experimental conditions as well as the nature of precursors on the structural, morphological, electrical, and optical properties on the spray pyrolyzed CZTS thin films is discussed in detail. This analysis certainly could provide a potential to obtain new insights in the fabrication of high-efficiency CZTS-based solar cells and to launch it into the commercial market to satisfy the ever-growing future energy demand.
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