A Review on Graphene-Based Light Emitting Functional Devices.

Zaka Ullah,M. H. Md Khir,Pradeep Kumar,Muhammad Aadil Siddiqui,Lee Hing Wah,Gunawan Witjaksono,Saeed Ahmed Magsi,Muhammad Junaid,Mohamed Shuaib Mohamed Saheed,Nelson Tansu

doi:10.3390/molecules25184217

Abstract

In recent years, the field of nanophotonics has progressively developed. However, constant demand for the development of new light source still exists at the nanometric scale. Light emissions from graphene-based active materials can provide a leading platform for the development of two dimensional (2-D), flexible, thin, and robust light-emitting sources. The exceptional structure of Dirac’s electrons in graphene, massless fermions, and the linear dispersion relationship with ultra-wideband plasmon and tunable surface polarities allows numerous applications in optoelectronics and plasmonics. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of recent developments in graphene-based light-emitting devices. Light emissions from graphene-based devices have been evaluated with different aspects, such as thermal emission, electroluminescence, and plasmons assisted emission. Theoretical investigations, along with experimental demonstration in the development of graphene-based light-emitting devices, have also been reviewed and discussed. Moreover, the graphene-based light-emitting devices are also addressed from the perspective of future applications, such as optical modulators, optical interconnects, and optical sensing. Finally, this review provides a comprehensive discussion on current technological issues and challenges related to the potential applications of emerging graphene-based light-emitting devices.

Highlights

Graphene is a single layer honeycomb structure of carbon lattice [1] with many interesting behavior and characteristics [2]
The 2D quantum Čerenkov effect (ČE) leads to light emission from the visible region (VIS) to the IR region, where surface plasmons are coupled as photon radiation due to impurities or roughness in graphene structures [55]
We have extensively reviewed the recent progress in graphene-based light-emitting devices, including device structure, fabrication, and their optical and electronics properties related to device structure, material, and emission mechanism

Summary

Introduction

Graphene is a single layer honeycomb structure of carbon lattice [1] with many interesting behavior and characteristics [2]. The 2D quantum ČE leads to light emission from the VIS to the IR region, where surface plasmons are coupled as photon radiation due to impurities or roughness in graphene structures [55]. We have extensively reviewed the recent progress in graphene-based light-emitting devices, including device structure, fabrication, and their optical and electronics properties related to device structure, material, and emission mechanism. The manuscript is subdivided into four sections based on the light emission mechanism from graphene-based light-emitting devices, where the light emissions are ascribed to thermal, electroluminescent (EL), and plasmons assisted emissions. Graphene-based light-emitting functional devices, where the emission radiation from graphene has been ascribed to thermal, electroluminescence, and plasmons assisted emissions [20–.

Graphene-Based Thermal Emitters

O3 insulator was conductance capped by the

Plasmons-Assisted Emissions from Graphene

Electroluminescence

Findings

Conclusions and Outlook Tips