Abstract
Context: Smart Energy is a disruptive concept that has led to the emergence of new energy policies, technology projects, and business models. The development of those models is driven by world capitals, companies, and universities. Their purpose is to make the electric power system more efficient through distributed energy generation/storage, smart meter installation, or reduction of consumption/implementation costs. This work approaches Smart Energy as a paradigm that is concerned with systemic strategies involving the implementation of innovative technological developments in energy systems. However, many of the challenges encountered under this paradigm are yet to be overcome, such as the effective integration of solutions within Smart Energy systems. Edge Computing is included in this new technology group. Objective: To investigate developments that involve the use of Edge Computing and that provide solutions to Smart Energy problems. The research work will be developed using the methodology of systematic mapping of literature, following the guidelines established by Kitchenham and Petersen that facilitate the identification of studies published on the subject. Results: Inclusion and exclusion criteria have been applied to identify the relevant articles. We selected 80 papers that were classified according to the type of publication (journal, conferences, or book chapter), type of research (conceptual, experience, or validation), type of activity (implement, validate, analyze) and asset (architecture, framework, method, or models). Conclusion: A complete review has been conducted of the 80 articles that were closely related to the questions posed in this research. To reach the goal of building Edge Computing architectures for Smart Energy environments, several lines of research have been defined. In the future, such architectures will overcome current problems, becoming highly energy-efficient, cost-effective, and capacitated to process and respond in real-time.
Highlights
The term Smart Energy Systems was first introduced in 2012 by Lund et al [1]
The article focuses on the limitations of Edge Computing, especially in terms of its storage and processing capacity
A section is included in which Edge Computing and its incorporation in industrial scenarios are described in more detail, as well as a review of its challenges and requirements for the development of applications and solutions in which edge devices are deployed at the edge of the network
Summary
The term Smart Energy Systems was first introduced in 2012 by Lund et al [1]. According toLund et al [2], the emergence of this concept gave a scientific basis for a paradigm shift, leading to the design of comprehensive strategies that provide solutions to the entire energy system and not just one of its sectors as had been done previously. While Smart Grids were focused solely on the area of electricity, the term Smart Energy encompasses HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) systems [5], and the intelligent use of energy in Industry 4.0 [6], transportation [7], public buildings [8,9], and homes [10,11]. The Internet of Things implies the connection of different heterogeneous objects, including buildings, machinery, vehicles, and electronic devices, such as sensors and actuators interconnected by means of communication protocols and forming wireless or wired networks [18] to collect information and extract knowledge [19]. The very term IoT implies the heterogeneity introduced by objects, resources or electronic devices, and, for IoT solutions to be effective, it is necessary to develop global architectures capable of coordinating and managing all the resources involved in an IoT environment, as well as the ingestion of data from heterogeneous sources [18]
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