A review on DNA/BSA binding and cytotoxic properties of multinuclear Schiff’s base complexes

Abstract

Metallo-organic compounds play a significant role in pharmaceutical sciences for their multiple biological functions. Schiff base ligands, the versatile pharmacophores, have although been known since 1864, there is still burgeoning interest in their coordination compounds. These compounds have grabbed the attention of bioinorganic chemists worldwide for their ease of preparation, tendency to form highly stable complexes, exceptional biological roles, catalytic and sensor applications. The focus of this review is on recent developments in the design of homo/hetero-bimetallic complexes with Schiff base ligands narrowed down to investigations on DNA/BSA (Deoxyribonucleic acid and bovine serum albumin) binding abilities and cytotoxic activity relevant to anticancer studies. As metal ions are electron deficient, they have a natural tendency to interact with electron-rich biological molecules such as proteins and DNA. On binding, it initiates a cascade of events involving several biochemical cell reactions and associated signaling pathways having implications for cancer treatment. Bimetallic compounds are advantageous over monometallic counterparts due to their favorable physicochemical properties attributed to the cooperative effects between metal centers. In addition, higher binding efficiency, higher specificity for cancer cells, and better binding interactions with the DNA of cancer cells are other characteristic effects. This review provides an updated overview and perspectives on the strategies that have been adopted for the design of novel metal-based anticancer drugs.