Abstract
<p class="1Body">Medicine contents’ have extended to predictive, personalized, preventive and participatory medicine (P4). ‘Personalized medicine' focuses on the prediction of potential benefits or risks for individuals as possible as in detailed. Biomarker discovery, biocomputing and nanotechnology have opened a new horizon on ‘personalized medicine’ (including disease detection, diagnosis and therapy by using individual's molecular profile) and ‘predictive medicine’ (to predict disease development, progression and clinical outcome, by using the genetic and molecular information).</p><p class="1Body">Personalized medicine can be applied to a lot of different areas. P4 medicine, based on use of marker-assisted diagnosis and targeted therapies, comes from an individual's molecular profile, will form a new way on drugs development and medicine administration. Genetic screening aimed to identify carrier and affected individuals in a particular population. Molecular diagnostic test, including genome-derived tests are getting more attention within the medicine with genotyping, RNA expression analyses, metabolic profiling, and other biomarkers. Genomics research has getting more attention on the biomedical research, translational science, and personalized medicine; divided into 3 main parts: 1) genomics to biology, 2) genomics to health, and 3) genomics to society.</p><p class="1Body">We conducted a literature search via PubMed databases with using “personalized medicine”, and “application areas of P4” keywords, and summarized some of new studies.</p><p class="1Body">Personalized medicine is described as an individualized treatment based on the individual's genetic variants. In other words, “for predicting health, preventing and preempting disease, and personalizing treatment depending on the each person’ unique biology", has a speedy improvement.</p>
Highlights
The genomic and personalized medicine, concern the government officials, industry leadership, health care providers, and the public especially in the last 10 years
Molecular signatures for cancer diagnosis, DNA-based risk assessment for common complex disease, genome-guided therapy and dose selection are some information within the genome information, that will be used by the personalized medicine
This extra diagnostic information will provide more effective, less invasive therapy for the patient with fewer side effects. This indicates that, the imaging is more specific for the mechanism of the disease and the target of the therapy leading to personalized medicine (Schönberg & Wangler, 2013)
Summary
The genomic and personalized medicine, concern the government officials, industry leadership, health care providers, and the public especially in the last 10 years. Genomes information, including RNA, proteins, and metabolites can be used by genomic medicine within the personalized medicine, to decide health care of each person's based on their unique clinical, genetic, genomic, and environmental information By using these genomic information, including "whole genome" interrogation of sequence variation, transcription, proteins, and metabolites, it is possible to do more precise prediction and treatment in every kind of disease. Molecular signatures for cancer diagnosis, DNA-based risk assessment for common complex disease, genome-guided therapy and dose selection are some information within the genome information, that will be used by the personalized medicine. The using of these information by genomic and personalized medicine in health care, needs changing in regulatory and reimbursement policies for privacy (Gingsburg &Willard, 2009). Biomarkers have a critical role in drug discovery, development, and prediction of treatment response and safety, and cause to improve disease understanding, and extent to utility and reduce the toxicity (Saito & Yoshino, 2010)
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