Abstract
Underwater acoustics has been implemented mostly in the field of sound navigation and ranging (SONAR) procedures for submarine communication, the examination of maritime assets and environment surveying, target and object recognition, and measurement and study of acoustic sources in the underwater atmosphere. With the rapid development in science and technology, the advancement in sonar systems has increased, resulting in a decrement in underwater casualties. The sonar signal processing and automatic target recognition using sonar signals or imagery is itself a challenging process. Meanwhile, highly advanced data-driven machine-learning and deep learning-based methods are being implemented for acquiring several types of information from underwater sound data. This paper reviews the recent sonar automatic target recognition, tracking, or detection works using deep learning algorithms. A thorough study of the available works is done, and the operating procedure, results, and other necessary details regarding the data acquisition process, the dataset used, and the information regarding hyper-parameters is presented in this article. This paper will be of great assistance for upcoming scholars to start their work on sonar automatic target recognition.
Highlights
Underwater acoustics, the mutual domain for the analysis of all the processes associated with the generation, occurrence, transmission, and reception of sound pulses in the water medium and its interference with boundaries, has mostly been implemented to submarine communication, the examination of maritime assets and environment surveying, target and object recognition, and measurement and study of acoustic sources in underwater atmosphere
With the rapid growth in science and technology, the sonar automatic target recognition has been developed in short time duration
The use of deep learning (DL)-based methods allows for a significant reduction in false alarms due to failures that have similar signal characteristics as the object
Summary
Underwater acoustics, the mutual domain for the analysis of all the processes associated with the generation, occurrence, transmission, and reception of sound pulses in the water medium and its interference with boundaries, has mostly been implemented to submarine communication, the examination of maritime assets and environment surveying, target and object recognition, and measurement and study of acoustic sources in underwater atmosphere. A collective term for numerous devices that use sound waves as the information carrier, is a technique that permits ships and other vessels to discover and recognize substances in the water through a system of sound rhythms and echoes [2] It can accomplish detection, location, identification, and tracking of targets in the marine environment and perform underwater communication, navigation, measurement, and other functions [3]. Defense: The passive and active sonar systems are primarily implemented in military sections: a towfish for sending and receiving sound pulses, a transmission cable attached to the towfish environments to track and detect enemy vessels. The researchers are trying to replace these manual feature extraction or conventional signal processing methods with intelligent systems like neural networks and ML/DL algorithms to track, detect, and classify underwater acoustics signals.
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