Abstract
Natural daphnane diterpenoids, mainly distributed in plants of the Thymelaeaceae and Euphorbiaceae families, usually include a 5/7/6-tricyclic ring system with poly-hydroxyl groups located at C-3, C-4, C-5, C-9, C-13, C-14, or C-20, while some special types have a characteristic orthoester motif triaxially connectedat C-9, C-13, and C-14. The daphnane-type diterpenoids can be classified into five types: 6-epoxy daphnane diterpenoids, resiniferonoids, genkwanines, 1-alkyldaphnanes and rediocides, based on the oxygen-containing functions at rings B and C, as well as the substitution pattern of ring A. Up to now, nearly 200 daphnane-type diterpenoids have been isolated and elucidated from the Thymelaeaceae and Euphorbiaceae families. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments of these compounds have shown that they possess a wide range of biological activities, including anti-HIV, anti-cancer, anti-leukemic, neurotrophic, pesticidal and cytotoxic effects. A comprehensive account of the structural diversity is given in this review, along with the cytotoxic activities of daphnane-type diterpenoids, up to April 2019.
Highlights
Since the first daphnane diterpenoid characterized by a macrolactone motif was isolated fromTrigonostemon reidioides [1], the daphnane diterpenoids have attracted the interest of many researchers because of their significant bioactive activities
Studies have found that the natural daphnane-type diterpenoids usually embrace a 5/7/6-tricyclic ring system with poly-hydroxyl groups located at C-3, C-4, C-5, C-9, C-13, C-14, or C-20, while a special group have a characteristic orthoester motif connected to C-9, C-13, and C-14
Considering the extensiveactivities interest in diterpenoids, we with reviewed the we reviewed the structural and bioactive of daphnane-type daphnane-type diterpenoids, an emphasis and bioactive activities of daphnane-type diterpenoids, with an emphasis on the recent on thestructural recent progress in structure identification and bioactive evaluation
Summary
Since the first daphnane diterpenoid characterized by a macrolactone motif was isolated from. Nearly 200 natural products of daphnane-type diterpenoids have been isolated and identified, and they have shown good biological activities, including anti-HIV, anti-cancer, anti-leukemia, anti-hyperglycemic [2], neurotropic [3], insecticidal and cytotoxic [4] effects. Owing to the unique skeleton and remarkable bioactive activities, daphnane-type diterpenoids have unusual variations with the well-established skeleton. Few papers have reported bioactive diterpenoids have attracted many synthetic endeavors to on theconstruct total synthesis of daphnane diterpenoids—isolation from natural plants is still the only source of a core structure.
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