Abstract
Dental implantology has advanced significantly with innovations in materials, designs, surgical techniques, and digital technology aimed at enhancing patient outcomes. Applications span specialties like prosthodontics, periodontics, orthodontics, oral surgery, aesthetic dentistry, and pediatric dentistry, with pediatric implants showing a success rate of 90-95% over ten years. 4D printing is emerging as a transformative technology for dynamic implants. This review traces the historical development from ancient attempts to modern titanium-based designs, emphasizing milestones like osseo-integration discovery by Dr. Per-Ingvar Brånemark. Recent progress includes enhanced titanium surfaces, biocompatible zirconia, and composite materials, as well as innovations in implant design such as nanotechnology-enhanced surfaces and personalized implants, all aimed at improving osseointegration and stability, while surgical approaches now prioritize minimally invasive techniques, immediate loading protocols, and computer-guided procedures to minimize patient discomfort and expedite recovery was discussed.
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