Abstract
Solar water heating system is convincing technology to convert solar energy into thermal energy. According to the survey, approximately 42% of refined crude oil is used in industries and commercial applications for heating processes. Fossil fuel is the main energy source that is depleting continuously. Solar energy is an environment-friendly energy source, which can fulfill energy demand. Solar thermal collectors are most popular in domestic as well as industrial sectors for water heating due to their ease of operation and simple maintenance. Extensive work is going on to improve the thermal performance of solar thermal collectors using passive techniques. Passive techniques include the use of nanofluid, twisted tape, Phase Changing Materials. Active and passive techniques have a significant contribution to solar thermal collector thermal performance enhancement. This paper reviews the work carried out and current progress to enhance the thermal efficiency of solar water heaters using nanofluid. In addition to this, a detailed discussion and limitations of existing research have made from this discussion, research gaps are identified and possible future modifications are suggested.
Highlights
The world population is increasing dramatically by leap and bound
This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current status and technical developments in the field of solar water heating systems
This paper gives an overview of nanofluid in the field of solar heating applications
Summary
The world population is increasing dramatically by leap and bound. According to the population division of the department of economic and social affairs survey, the world population in 2000 was 6.1 billion and it becomes 8.9 billion in 2050. Non-concentrating collectors are classified as a flat plate and evacuated glass tube collector [4]. Evacuated glass tube collectors show outstanding thermal performance due to lower heat loss, easy transportability, and quick installation [1, 5]. Solar thermal energy is utilised in the industrial sector to meet the process heat requirements. Some of the technical problems, like low efficiency, high heat loss, poor solar energy harvesting capability, installations challenges, capital costs are barriers to the promotion of solar water heater in industrial applications. Extensive work is going on to minimize heat loss and enhance the thermal efficiency of solar thermal collectors. Existing research says enhance the overall performance of a solar thermal collector, changes are made in solar collector structure, glass tube coating, inclination, using active and passive augmentation techniques [6]. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current status and technical developments in the field of solar water heating systems
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