Abstract
Tubular fluorescent lamps (TFLs) are principally used in multiple-layer tissue cultures (TC) and transplants production. HF electronic fluorescent lighting system with light regulation provides not only energy saving but also the capability of adapting the quantity of light to the stages in the development of the TC plants. Direction, uniformity, quality of light and various efficient light sources were studied worldwide. Super bright red, blue and far-red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have many advantages over conventional light source for photosynthesis and morphology research. The characteristics of such LEDs were reviewed. Simulation models of spatial distribution of intensity, conversion factors among photometric, radiometric, and quantum units, and the electrical energy efficiency of TFLs and LEDs were discussed. The cost effectiveness of using LEDs in commercial TC and transplants production was discussed. A growth chamber using LEDs as light source, capable of adjusting light quantity and quality, can be a great tool for research and the development of such a system can be cost effective.
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