A Review on Arthroprosthetic Cobaltism: Manufacturer’s Product liability for causing Iatrogenic Cobalt toxicity

Abstract

Cobalt toxicity is a well-documented complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA) when cobalt-chrome implants are utilized. A recent area of attention is “cobaltism, ” which results from cobalt exposure from cobalt-containing orthopedic implants, chemistry kits, weather indicators, antiquated anemia therapies, cement, fly ash, dyes, mineral wool, asbestos, molds for ceramic tiles, mining, porcelain paint, orthopedic implants, and dental hardware. Like other transition metals, cobalt is a multiorgan toxin. Organ systems affected by acute cobalt poisoning include endocrine, gastrointestinal, central and peripheral nervous system, hematologic, cardiovascular, and metabolic. Chronic inhalational exposures affect the pulmonary system and dermatologic system.