Abstract
Candidiasis is the fungal infection caused by Candida albicans. It causes different type of candidiasis infections in the blood, heart, eyes, brain, bones also other parts of our body. Different types of candidiasis are vaginal candidiasis, pulmonary candidiasis, oral candidiasis. It may be acute or chronic. It can be cured by using natural compounds or synthetic compounds or semisynthetic compounds. Apergillosis is the fungal infections in human caused by Aspergillus niger. Aspergillosis infections are classified into allergic pulmonary sinusitis, cutaneous aspergillosis, invasive aspergillosis, chronic necrotising pulmonary aspergillosis can be cured by using synthetic compounds like intravenous injections, oral medicines of capsules, tropical medicines like creams and some other natural products from plants. Natural products like saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, xanthones, lectins and polypeptides, quinones, terpenoids, coumarins, essential oils and other compounds are the secondary metabolites extracted from the plants. Those plants are effective against fungal infections. Synthetic drugs like Azole group of drugs composed of imidazoles which includes miconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, and triazoles include itraconazole, Posaconazole, isavuconazole are used to inhibit the ergosterol synthesis of cell membrane of fungi. Echinocandins are antifungal agent and it is used to disrupt the cell wall of fungi and inhibiting the synthesis of beta- 1,3 glucan fungal cell wall. Echinocandins are classified into caspofungin, anidulafungin, micafungin which having antifungal activity and amphotericin B used to treat both candidiasis and aspergillosis. Combination of drugs like synthetic drugs and natural compounds used to treat Candidiasis and Aspergillosis. Comparison and effectiveness of drugs depends upon the infections they are getting affected. Amphotericin B and azole group of drugs are commonly more effective than other group of drugs, but ketoconazole is widely used. Adverse effects of antifungal agents include, skin rashes, irritation, itching, nausea and vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, muscle and joint pain, etc.
Highlights
Candidiasis is the fungal infection caused by yeast called candida
Flavonoids, alkaloids, xanthones, lectins and polypeptides, quinones, terpenoids, coumarins, essential oils and other compounds are the secondary metabolites extracted from the plants
Itraconazole and fluconazole are the first generation of triazole and voriconazole, Posaconazole, isavuconazole, albaconazole, ravuconazole, efinaconazole are the second generation of triazole are antifungal agents which are used to treat against Candidiasis and Aspergillosis. (Peyton et al, 2015)
Summary
Different types of candida species are there, in that Candida albicans is the one of the fungal species that can cause infections in human body.(Martins et al, 2014),(Papon et al, 2013). It lives on the skin, inside the body, throat, mouth, intestine, vagina without causing any problems. If Candida albicans grows out of the control and deep inside the body, causing infections It causes in the blood stream, brain, gut, human reproductive system of the bod. Systemic candidiasis includes a spectrum of fungal infections caused by Candida albicans It is the infection caused in the blood, heart, eyes, brain, bones other parts of our body.
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