A review on antibiotics induced nephrotoxicity

Abstract

One of the common causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) is drug nephrotoxicity. AKIs around 20-60% in hospitalised patients are caused by drug-induced nephrotoxicity, which is also linked to higher morbidity and death both in children and adults. Antibiotics are one of the most frequently prescribed drug classes worldwide and, also one of the leading contributors to nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity has been related to a wide range of antimicrobial medications, although the characteristics of kidney damage vary depending on the agent, the site of toxicity and the mechanism of injury within the renal. Acute tubular necrosis, acute interstitial nephritis, crystal nephropathy, and proximal/distal tubulopathy with electrolyte problems are the most frequent mechanisms. Pre-existing chronic renal disease and concurrent use of medications with nephrotoxic potential are two general risk factors for antimicrobial-induced AKI. The various types of antimicrobial-induced nephrotoxicity especially antibiotics will be discussed in this review and offer guidance on how to prevent AKI and recognize it early in order to reduce it and prevent morbidity.