A Review on Advanced Transdermal Paches and Their Evaluation

Abstract

Transdermal patches are an innovative method of delivering medication directly into the bloodstream through the skin. In 1979, the United States authorized the use of the initial transdermal technique for systemic delivery—a three-day patch that administers scopolamine to alleviate motion sickness. The initial breakthrough in transdermal delivery came with the introduction of nicotine patches. This paved the way for greater awareness and acceptance of transdermal technology in the medical field and among the general population, gaining significant popularity a decade later. Currently, there are 19 different transdermal delivery methods available for medications such as oestradiol, fentanyl, lidocaine, and testosterone. Additionally, there are combination patches available that contain multiple medications for hormone replacement and contraception. There are also iontophoretic and ultrasonic analgesia delivery systems that can be used. They provide several benefits compared to conventional oral medication, such as improved patient adherence, regulated drug delivery, and reduced side effects. The medication is typically contained within a matrix or reservoir within the patch, and is gradually released over a period of time. The patch may require periodic changes, typically every few days or weeks, depending on the specific medication and dosage. Transdermal patches have a broad range of applications, encompassing painkillers, hormones, and nicotine replacement therapy. They are widely regarded as safe and effective, with minimal side effects. It is important to carefully adhere to the instructions for use to avoid potential skin irritation or other issues.