Abstract
The utilization of dyes in textile industries has enormously increased in recent years and has created several environmental problems. Currently, several methods are in practice to treat wastewaters. Effective and efficient treatment techniques before the discharge of used water in the environment are the need of the hour. This short review covers the research and recent developments in advanced wastewater treatment techniques such as nanophotocatalysis, ceramic nanofiltration membranes, and biofilms. The primary intent of this review article is to contribute the ready-made references for the active researchers and scientists working in the field of wastewater treatment. This review has mainly focused on advanced physico-chemical and biological techniques for the treatment of textile dye wastewaters. Further, the influence of various operating factors on the treatment, advantages, and disadvantages of various techniques was also discussed. The recently developed materials for wastewater treatment are also summarized based on the latest available literature.Graphic abstract
Highlights
Contamination of water is one of the major problems of the entire globe, due to the improper discharge of used water of the industries into the environment, high utilization of chemical fertilizers in agricultural fields, construction of roads, buildings, etc. (Sharma and Bhattacharya 2017)
advanced oxidation process (AOP) results in 60% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 50% of color removal, while 96% of color and 99% of COD removal was achieved by integrating the AOP with the O3/H2O2/ UV conventional method
The results indicated that the high water permeability and low adsorption-fouling propensity were observed during the decomposition of methyl orange in the composite NF membranes
Summary
Contamination of water is one of the major problems of the entire globe, due to the improper discharge of used water of the industries into the environment, high utilization of chemical fertilizers in agricultural fields, construction of roads, buildings, etc. (Sharma and Bhattacharya 2017). In the process of fiber conversion to yarn, yarn to fabric, dyeing, and finishing the textile industries use a large volume of water, numerous chemicals, auxiliary chemicals, dyes, and sizing materials (Yaseen and Scholz 2019). The usage of such harmful materials has been resulting in water contamination and environmental pollution. 60–70% of azo group dyes are used by most of the textile industries and around 15–20% of the total dye is discharged into the environment during the process, which is dreadful harm to the environment (Akpan and Hameed 2009; Ouasif et al 2013) To control such activities from the industries, the government of India through the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has brought few regulations for wastewater discharge. In this review, advanced treatment methods of wastewater such as nanophotocatalyst application, ceramic membrane filtration, nanophotocatalysis coupled with ceramic membrane filtration and wastewater treatment using chemical and biological methods including application of biofilms, are discussed in detail
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