Abstract
A Wireless Sensor Network or WSN is supposed to be made up of a large number of sensors and at least one base station. The sensors are autonomous small devices with several constraints like the battery power, computation capacity, communication range and memory. They also are supplied with transceivers to gather information from its environment and pass it on up to a certain base station, where the measured parameters can be stored and available for the end user. In most cases, the sensors forming these networks are deployed randomly and left unattended to and are expected to perform their mission properly and efficiently. As a result of this random deployment, the WSN has usually varying degrees of node density along its area. Sensor networks are also energy constrained since the individual sensors, which the network is formed with, are extremely energy-constrained as well. Wireless sensor networks have become increasingly popular due to their wide range of application. Clustering sensor nodes organizing them hierarchically have proven to be an effective method to provide better data aggregation and scalability for the sensor network while conserving limited energy. Minimizing the energy consumption of a wireless sensor network application is crucial for effective realization of the intended application in terms of cost, lifetime, and functionality. However, the minimizing task is hardly possible as no overall energy cost function is available for optimization.
Highlights
The wireless network is basically a network, in which computers are connected and communicate with each other not by a visible medium, but by emissions of electromagnetic energy in the air
We summarize some of the routing challenges and design issues that affect routing process in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
Recent technological improvements have made the deployment of small, inexpensive, low-power, distributed devices, which are capable of local processing and wireless communication, a reality
Summary
The wireless network is basically a network, in which computers are connected and communicate with each other not by a visible medium, but by emissions of electromagnetic energy in the air. This protocol stack integrates power and routing awareness (i.e., energy-aware routing),integrates data with networking protocols (i.e., data aggregation), communicates power efficiently through the wireless medium, and promotes cooperative efforts of sensor nodes (i.e., task management plane). Based on the power level, not all sensor nodes in a region are needed to perform the sensing task at the same time This management plane is required because sensor nodes can work together in a power efficient way, route data in a mobile sensor network, and share resources between sensor nodes. Despite the innumerable applications of WSNs, these networks have several restrictions, e.g., limited energy supply, limited computing power, and limited bandwidth of the wireless links connecting sensor nodes. Mobility of both BS’s and sensor nodes is sometimes necessary in many applications [9]
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