Abstract
Wetlands are some of the most important ecosystems on Earth. They play a key role in alleviating floods and filtering polluted water and also provide habitats for many plants and animals. Wetlands also interact with climate change. Over the past 50 years, wetlands have been polluted and declined dramatically as land cover has changed in some regions. Remote sensing has been the most useful tool to acquire spatial and temporal information about wetlands. In this paper, seven types of sensors were reviewed: aerial photos coarse-resolution, medium-resolution, high-resolution, hyperspectral imagery, radar, and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data. This study also discusses the advantage of each sensor for wetland research. Wetland research themes reviewed in this paper include wetland classification, habitat or biodiversity, biomass estimation, plant leaf chemistry, water quality, mangrove forest, and sea level rise. This study also gives an overview of the methods used in wetland research such as supervised and unsupervised classification and decision tree and object-based classification. Finally, this paper provides some advice on future wetland remote sensing. To our knowledge, this paper is the most comprehensive and detailed review of wetland remote sensing and it will be a good reference for wetland researchers.
Highlights
Wetlands can be described as regions with low water levels, often near ground surface, which are covered by active plants during the growing season and water saturation period [1]
This paper provides an overview of wetland remote sensing of the past half century
More than 250 papers were reviewed with respect to seven categories: aerial photographs, coarse-resolution images, medium-resolution images, high-resolution images, hyperspectral images, radar data, and Aerial photographs were the earliest used remote sensing data in wetland studies
Summary
Wetlands can be described as regions with low water levels, often near ground surface, which are covered by active plants during the growing season and water saturation period [1]. Earth,manner which can During five decades, remote sensing technology has been used in many wetland research be usedthe by past scientists that are interested in monitoring spatial information in a timely manner areas such (1)five land use/cover changes or mapping in wetland (2) carbon cycle. [28] reviewedchange wetland remote sensing and addressed many was published in 2001, it does not include the relevant publications of the past years, of wetland identification, classification, change detection, and biomass. This 15 paper wasa period in in which wetland researchof have developed. Highlight differentadvice types of wetland remote sensing; and (3) provide advice for future wetland research
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