Abstract
Additive manufacturing (3D printing) has significantly changed the prototyping process in terms of technology, construction, materials, and their multiphysical properties. Among the most popular 3D printing techniques is vat photopolymerization, in which ultraviolet (UV) light is deployed to form chains between molecules of liquid light-curable resin, crosslink them, and as a result, solidify the resin. In this manuscript, three photopolymerization technologies, namely, stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and continuous digital light processing (CDLP), are reviewed. Additionally, the after-cured mechanical properties of light-curable resin materials are listed, along with a number of case studies showing their applications in practice. The manuscript aims at providing an overview and future trend of the photopolymerization technology to inspire the readers to engage in further research in this field, especially regarding developing new materials and mathematical models for microrods and bionic structures.
Highlights
The 3D printing production process begins with a 3D model that is designed with model is subsequently converted to the standard triangulation language (STL) format
Photopolymerization is classified with regard to the method of curing (Figure 4), which employ lasers (SLA), digital projection (digital light processing (DLP)), and lightemitting diodes (LEDs) and oxygen (continuous digital light processing (CDLP)/continuous liquid interface production (CLIP)) [9,15,16,17,18,19]
Unlike traditional 3D printing, 2.3.4. Two-Photon Lithography (2PL) technologyon can xOy plane is a spot and the accuracy depends on the spot diameter, whereas in and cure solid polymer in the resin vat, eliminating the need for material deposition in a layerCDLP/CLIP, the accuracy is given the by the pixel matrix, which is defined by the resolution by-layer manner
Summary
Introduction and Future Trends of 3D Printing. Additive manufacturing (AM) technology was first introduced in the 1980s with the aim of producing rapid and functional prototypes from various materials. May 1980, Dr Hideo Kodama from the Nagoya Municipal Industrial Research Institute (NMIRI) applied for a patent that describes a method of curing a spatial model of photopolymer material by exposing it to ultraviolet (UV) light. The patent was abandoned and never commercialized [1,2,3,4]. The origin of 3D printing with commercial potential can be traced back to 1986 when. Hull filed a patent for a photopolymerization technology called stereolithography (SLA). The very first printed model was an eye-wash cup.
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