Abstract
This paper identified the research focus and development tendency of urban planning and climate change research from 1990 to 2016 using CiteSpace, which is based on the Web of Science database. Through cluster analysis and a document sorting method, the research direction of city planning and climate change were mainly divided into four academic groupings, 15 clusters with homogenous themes representing the current research focus direction at the sub-level. The detailed study on the framework presented three mainstream developing directions: (1) The index assessment and spatial simulation on the impact of urban spatial systems for climate change have become important methods to identify and improve the adaptability of urban space. (2) Adaptive governance as a bottom-up strategy giving priority to institutional adaptation policy and collaborative polices for responding to climate change has become the hot direction in recent years. (3) The policies of urban public health-related urban equity, vulnerability, and environmental sustainability were addressed especially during the period from 2007 to 2009. Dynamic evolution trends of the research field were discussed: (1) The total numbers of papers in this field increased distinctly between 2005 and 2008, research focus shifted from single-dimension to multi-dimension comprehensive studies, and the humanism tendency was obvious. (2) After 2010, research on multi-level governance and spatial adaptation strategies became the key issues, and a bottom-up level adaptation policies were addressed. Finally, the critical influence of the important literature and the forefront issues of the research field were put forward.
Highlights
The Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the most comprehensive report on climate assessment in history, referred to city regions as the main areas that must respond to climate change risks
The research system of urban planning is integrated into climate change, and grouping and clustering in the literature is done in accordance with the planning development process with a mainline of the forming mechanism as urban analysis, spatial planning patterns, and urban development policies and strategy
The fourth grouping was composed by four clusters—resilience governance, institutional and collaborative polices, mitigation and adaptation governance, and public health response—which have all been addressed in the local implementation of action plan strategies, management responses to climate change and urban governance
Summary
The Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the most comprehensive report on climate assessment in history, referred to city regions as the main areas that must respond to climate change risks. IPCC’s definition of adaptation of the urban climate is the process of adjustment in human systems to the actual or expected climate and its effects to moderate harm or exploit opportunities This showed that international institutions and governments in many countries have designated climate change problems and strategies of city regions as key areas of global climate change research and have actively promoted “city climate change act planning”. Based on the Web of Science database (WOS) by the scientific map tool CiteSpace, combined with a later traditional literature analysis method, this paper makes generalizations about the research status of urban planning and climate change, clarifies the hotspots and frontier areas, identify potential development tendencies, and promote the effective implementation of urban space planning and a sustainable development path for climate adaptability. The content and progress of the research system would be developed in accordance with the planning development process via a mainline framework of “drive and impact analysis-prediction simulation-policy response”
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