Abstract
Abstract Greenhouse farming is considered as one of the most scientific approaches in agriculture, which are suitable for all climatic conditions, especially in Middle East, North America, and Europe. Sustainable greenhouses are innovative farming facilities for healthy vegetables and fruits in a controlled, conditioned indoor space. This article presents a literature review on the upgradation of a conventional to a sustainable greenhouse using modern engineering concept. This includes maintaining fully controlled indoor conditions such as temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity for specific agronomical parameters. The influence and improvements in upgradation of various heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) with the associated control systems and covering materials to reduce the energy consumption have been reviewed. Financial viability of conventional as well as upgraded greenhouses is highlighted. In Middle East climatic conditions, the major challenge is to control the optimal range of temperature (18–21°C), relative humidity (55 to 75%), and air velocity (0–1.3 m/s). It is found that the upgraded HVAC systems with climate control modules can increase the crop yield by 30%. Scientifically selected polycarbonate sheet covering materials are also found to increase the crop yield by up to 15% more than the conventional commercial greenhouses.
Highlights
Greenhouse farming is considered as one of the most scientific approaches in agriculture, which are suitable for all climatic conditions, especially in Middle East, North America, and Europe
The primary objective associated with this review is to summarize the various studies carried out in the field of mechanized greenhouse farming to develop a cost-effective sustainable commercial greenhouse using evaporative cooling technology in conjunction with automatic climate control and different covering material upgradations with a focus on Middle East climatic conditions
We observed an overall reduction of 30% in the operational recurring cost in the HVAC head with evaporative cooler equipped with upgraded covering material and 5% in the irrigation head due to the irrigation control system implementation in the climate control module, and around 10% in the associated labour component for the farm monitoring due to the installation of climate control module
Summary
Abstract: Greenhouse farming is considered as one of the most scientific approaches in agriculture, which are suitable for all climatic conditions, especially in Middle East, North America, and Europe. This article presents a literature review on the upgradation of a conventional to a sustainable greenhouse using modern engineering concept This includes maintaining fully controlled indoor conditions such as temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity for specific agronomical parameters. Open-field agriculture has a lot of constraints in maintaining consistent crop production, such as unfavourable topographical and environmental conditions like fluctuating temperature, humidity, etc They typically provide secure environments for better growth of plants in the present controlled environment conditions with optimum temperature, humidity, ventilation, air velocity, and soil moisture content. The primary objective associated with this review is to summarize the various studies carried out in the field of mechanized greenhouse farming to develop a cost-effective sustainable commercial greenhouse using evaporative cooling technology in conjunction with automatic climate control and different covering material upgradations with a focus on Middle East climatic conditions.
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