A review of unconventional bottoming cycles for waste heat recovery: Part II – Applications

Abstract

This paper presents an extensive overview of unconventional waste heat recovery bottoming cycles including air bottoming cycle, Carbon dioxide-based power cycles and Kalina bottoming cycle. Noting that this is a two-part review paper, first part mainly focuses on the technical aspects of these waste heat recovery methods by reviewing studies on energy, exergy, economic analyses of these systems, as well as reviewing part load analysis, component design, power augmentation and comparative analysis between conventional and unconventional systems. This part demonstrates and thoroughly review the applications of the aforementioned unconventional bottoming cycles, including renewable energy sources. Eleven applications were discussed including renewable energy sources integration, internal combustion engine, CCHP systems, carbon capture operation, offshore platforms, gas transport, fuel cells, and marine industry. It was concluded that air bottoming cycle is not thermodynamically competitive with other bottoming cycles due to its high operating temperature. Whilst CO2 and Kalina cycles were competitive with conventional waste heat recovery methods such as steam and organic Rankine cycles for medium-to-low grade waste heat sources.