Abstract
Latest wide-bandgap power devices are switching progressively faster compared with existing silicon devices. Their accurate current measurements for either control or protection have therefore become tougher. One method that can fulfill the requirements is to use a Rogowski coil and its accompanied electronics to form a Rogowski current sensor with high bandwidth, small volume, low cost, and ease of integration. This article therefore aims to review various aspects of the Rogowski current sensor from its history, measuring principles to modern power-electronic applications. The applications have, in turn, motivated a progression from traditional helical to recent miniaturized printed circuit board implementation, in order to improve the overall power density. This progression has similarly been reviewed, together with its various design aspects applied to the winding, integrator, shielding, and parameters of the Rogowski current sensor. Future challenges and directions are then summarized, whose ultimate goal is to maximize accuracy over a wide bandwidth without being affected by radiated and near-field-coupling interferences.
Highlights
C URRENT sensors have been widely used for measuring currents of components and systems for either control or protection [1]
This article presents a review of Rogowski coil with emphases placed on its progression from helical to printed circuit board (PCB) implementation and its power-electronic applications
The general expectation drawn is that PCB Rogowski coil will continue to have relevance, especially with more power-electronic systems implemented with wide-bandgap devices
Summary
C URRENT sensors have been widely used for measuring currents of components and systems for either control or protection [1]. Existing current sensors cannot meet the requirements, since they are mostly large, expensive, limited in bandwidth, and/or at times, introduce nonnegligible insertion impedances in series with the semiconductors These limitations, associated with some common current sensors such as current transformer (CT), shunt, Hall-effect sensor, and Rogowski coil, are better described, as in the following. Beginning with CT, its accuracy is satisfactory and its bandwidth can be as high as tens of MHz for ac current sensing only (cannot measure dc) [5] It suffers from possible flux saturation and size limitations, which immediately render it not suitable for a compact power-electronic system.
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