A review of total quality management applications in schools

Abstract

Total Quality Management (TQM) practices are well established in higher education. However, their application in primary and secondary schools is less well established. This study aimed to critically review and discuss different applications of TQM in primary and secondary schools by presenting critical perspectives from the literature. The study analysed and critically reviewed specific applications and the impact of their implementation. Thus, theoretical constructs and propositions were based on empirical evidence. The majority of schools used certain principles of TQM but did not follow a holistic approach. The adoption of TQM in schools improved learning outcomes, empowered personnel, and promoted a culture of continuous improvement. The obstacles encountered were mainly related to mentality or culture. However, the preliminary results are encouraging. This study contributes to increasing the understanding of TQM concepts in the education sector, and raises useful points for education stakeholders (including policymakers) aiming to improve education quality.