A Review of Thermal Runaway Prevention and Mitigation Strategies for Lithium-ion Batteries

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries are widely considered the leading candidate energy source for powering electric vehicles due to their high energy and power densities. The thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries is the phenomenon of chain exothermic reactions within the battery. These reactions cause a sharp rise in the internal battery temperature causing the inner structures of the battery to destabilize and degrade, which eventually leads to the failure of the battery. This study thermal runaway initiation mechanisms, thermal runaway propagation, Thermal runaway is a major safety concern; therefore, the development of mathematical and numerical experimental models to predict thermal runaway is reviewed, which provides useful data to design and develop battery packs with thermal runaway safety features.It explores the importance of effective battery thermal management systems to prevent thermal runaway and reviews strategies for mitigating damages in case of an occurrence.