Abstract
Abstract The family Simuliidae or black flies as they are commonly called, belongs to the suborder Nematocera of the Order Diptera. It is one of the most homogeneous families of the superfamily Culicoidea. The family includes small stout flies usually with horn-like 11-segmented antennae; long mandibles; short legs having elongate basitarsomeres; broad wings having strong costa, subcosta and radius, a submedian fold between veins M2 and Cu1; and non-petiolate cubitus; first tergum of abdomen modified as a basal scale fringed with long hairs; males holoptic, females dichoptic, without ocelli; pupae enclosed in a cocoon and with bulbous or filamentous respiratory organs on either side of thorax; larvae with long cylindrical body, last segment bearing a sucking disk for attachment to substrata; spiracles closed.
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