A review of the significance of animal food products as potential pathways of human exposures to dioxins

Food is one of the basic necessities that play a major role in human life. Over the past two decades, food consumption patterns in many countries have changed rapidly. The concern of food security has emerged as a global food crisis in recent decades. These global changes probably affect Sri Lankan food consumption habits. Sustainability is an essential component and a precondition for long-term food security. Hence, this study used an in-depth non-systematic literature review on a global scale emphasizing the Sri Lankan context, to better understand the situation of changes in food consumption patterns using comprehensive household survey data in Sri Lanka. The study found out that income growth, urbanization, structural changes in the population on demographics, and several other socio-economic changes significantly influenced transformations in global food consumption patterns. Other than these, many significant differences are evident in food consumption patterns especially geographically, in urban, rural, and estate sectors in Sri Lanka. The Sri Lankan diet shows a tendency to shift from traditional cereal consumption to meat, fish, dairy products, and fast foods and processed foods, posing a significant threat concerning the future food security and sustainability of Sri Lanka. Therefore, the study recommended a critical analysis of changes in food consumption patterns in Sri Lanka.

Consumption of cooking oil from year to year continues to increase, especially in Aceh Province. In general, almost all people in this area consume cooking oil derived from oil palm plants for household needs. As one of the basic needs, the increase in the price of cooking oil has affected changes in household consumption patterns. This study aims to analyze the impact of rising cooking oil prices on changes in people's food consumption patterns in various household income groups in a quantitative descriptive manner. The results of the analysis show that the increase in the price of cooking oil has an impact on changes in food consumption patterns, namely a decrease in consumption of several food needs other than cooking oil. This decline occurred in various household income groups in Aceh Province.

Chapter 5 - Changes in food consumption patterns: its importance to food security—application of one-way ANOVA

Chapter 5 - Changes in Food Consumption Patterns: Its Importance to Food Security—Application of One-Way ANOVA

Increasing urbanization and affluence have led to changes in food consumption patterns. The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers ensures food security but also leads to environmental pollution due to N losses, through processes such as acidification, eutrophication, and greenhouse gas emissions. To clarify whether changes in food consumption patterns could increase N losses and to explore sustainable food system pathways, this study integrated the Chinese Food System Dashboard and the Nutrient Flows in Food Chains, Environment and Resources Use model to quantify and compare the link between food consumption and N losses in different agricultural regions using a case study of Bayannur City in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2016. During the study period, Bayannur's food consumption pattern changed from a "high carbohydrate and pork pattern" to a "high fiber and herbivore pattern", which represents a shift from low to high N consumption. The per-capita food consumption decreased by 11.55% from 425.41 kg cap-1, whereas the per-capita N losses increased by 12.42% from 35.60 kg N cap-1. The average share of the plant-oriented and animal-oriented food supply in these losses was 53.39% and 46.61%, respectively. There were differences in the food consumption patterns and N losses in Bayannur's farming, farming-pastoral, and pastoral regions. The changes in N losses were most significant in the pastoral region. The N losses to the environment increased sharply by 112.33% from 22.75 g N cap-1 over the past 16 years. The low level of economic development in Bayannur resulted in a shift in the food consumption pattern to a high N consumption. Four measures to protect food security and reduce the food N cost were proposed: (1) increasing the wheat planting area and maintaining the existing corn one; (2) expanding the scale of high-quality alfalfa planting; (3) enhancing the area of oat grass and wheat replanting; and (4) using modern planting technology.

The purpose of the paper was to analyse changes in food consumption patterns in the European Union (EU) countries and link these patterns with food production and imports. The two research questions posed by the authors were as follows i): are the structures of the consumption, production and importation of food becoming more similar or more diverse among EU countries, and ii) are changes in food consumption patterns caused by changes in domestic production, or has food been imported to a greater extent from abroad. The study investigated countries which that have been continuously keeping relevant statistics since 1961. The food consumption structures recorded in the years 1961–1969 and 2010–2017 were compared among these countries. Following this, the countries were grouped into subsets using the criterion of greatest similarity in terms of food consumption structures. The same was done in the case of their food production and imports. The study found that countries were becoming increasingly similar in terms of their consumption patterns. An opposite situation occurred concerning food production. In the case of food imports, structural diversity between countries decreased. It follows that changes in food consumption patterns mainly occurred through the adjustment of imports.

This article traces changes in household food consumption patterns comparing the late Soviet period and the present day based on household interviews and interpretive analysis. We reconstruct and visualize four foodscapes from households of varying socioeconomic contexts, based on their memories of food consumption prior to the breakup of the Soviet Union and their lived experiences of food consumption today. These vignettes are a basis to discuss changes in food consumption patterns in the broader context of transition. This study aims to contribute to a greater understanding of the evolution of food consumption from the perspective of the everyday consumer.

This article accesses the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), now the US, Mexico and Canada Agreement (USMCA), on the Mexican food system, specifically on the country’s food consumption patterns. The double burden of malnutrition, that is, the coexistence of undernutrition with obesity, is identified as one of the most significant global health challenges. The article explores the main explanations for this malnutrition crisis and the links between the free-market policies pursued under NAFTA and the perverse change in food consumption patterns that affect Mexico, and mainly developing countries. The Mexican experience is presented in terms of the change in food consumption patterns and the food-system transformation over the past decades. It is argued that free-market policies do not merely change the origin of the food consumed but also affect its quality and the general consumption and production patterns. Under the NAFTA, the Mexican food system suffered a restructuring process that struck at its heart, by subsuming maize under capitalist logic.

The food habits of people generally dictate their nutritional well‐being, which subsequently affects their physical and mental health. A change in environment is one of the major factors that could bring about positive or negative changes in food consumption patterns. The food habits of 50 migrant families living in a suburb of Accra were studied to find out what changes have taken place as a result of a change in living environment. The homemaker in each family was interviewed to obtain information on socioeconomic characteristics, past and present food procurement and consumption patterns, food avoidances and factors that influence food selection and consumption. The findings revealed that, although the majority stuck to foods they were accustomed to, there were striking changes in sources of food procurement, the number of meals prepared at home and the relative frequency of consumption of some staple foods. One‐third of the study group felt that their diets had become poorer as a result of the change in environment. Two factors, time and money, were associated with the changes that had taken place. The study provides some evidence for the existence of inadequate diets among migrant families. This might even reflect a more serious situation facing the numerous migrant youth, who have no families to cater for them and, hence, put their health at risk. Home economists and other related professionals could be instrumental in drawing up intervention programmes to ensure adequate selection and consumption of food to promote good health among migrants to the city.

Comportamiento del patrón de alimentación y de la hemoglobina glicosilada en personas con diabetes tipo 2, al inicio y final de una intervención educativa

Feeding behavior pattern and glycosylated hemoglobin in people with type 2 diabetes at the beginning and end of an educational intervention

This article argues that investing in foreign markets by exploiting intellectual property has increasingly become an important expansion strategy for TNCs in the processed food sector in the past several decades. I suggest that this process is closely related with changes in food consumption patterns and growing segmentation in food markets. I analyze the operations of Unilever and Nestlé in Turkey in the post-war era as examples of changing forms of investment by food TNCs in a peripheral context. Parallel to the increasing market segmentation and emergence of post-Fordist food consumption norms in metropolitan Turkey, Unilever and Nestlé have expanded their production range and focused on producing and marketing high value-added processed foods in the last two decades. Joint ventures with and acquisitions of locally strong food companies have been a major way for Unilever and Nestlé to gaining access to the Turkish market and to cash in on intellectual property.

Prevention of Covid-19 transmission by increasing immunity of the body with protein intake results in changes in people's dietary behavior. Pressure due to changing environment and loss of work leads to the tendency to eat sweet foods, preserved, high in fat and salt. This study aims to determine changes in food consumption patterns in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic. Use a quick assessment of empirical facts about Indonesia's ongoing impact on Covid-19. The research approach framework conceptualizes Covid-19 as a 'Cause', and its effect on changes in food consumption patterns is "Consequent". The data used in this study from study literature uses references from national and international literature. Literature materials in the form of journals, articles, books, and news that discuss the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on people's behavior, especially food consumption behavior, which can be accessed in electronic media. Pandemic covid-19 in Indonesian society affects food consumption patterns, namely, in adults, consumption of vegetables, fruits, and spices increases. While in adolescence, consumption of sweets and fast food increases. This change in the diet affects immunity. A healthy diet increases immunity and reduces the potential for contracting covid-19. Changes in different diets require a tailored approach to community nutrition fulfillment programs. It is necessary to create a program to raise awareness among young people to implement a healthy diet, and a program to support the consistency of healthy diets that have been formed in the community due to the covid-19 pandemic.

Chapter 5 - Changes in food consumption patterns: The issue and its importance to food security – application of one-way ANOVA

One key element in the development of regional and global food production systems is the corresponding changes in food consumption patterns. The 'modernization' of food consumption is encouraged by businesses and policy makers alike. For example, in China, change and growth in food consumption behaviors are promoted as a means for improving nutritional well-being, promoting economic growth via expanding consumer demand, and appeasing citizens. The objective of this paper is to investigate the pattern of dissemination of modern food consumption in contemporary China. It utilizes Sklair's notion of the 'culture-ideology of consumption' to differentiate between Chinese consumers according to whether their food consumption patterns are more or less modern. As a proxy for time-series analysis, household food consumption patterns are analyzed by age, household income level, food shopping behaviors and attitudes, and interest in imports and branded products, in order to determine if more modern food consumption patterns are more likely to be evidenced by one group than another. The data used in the analysis were obtained in a food consumption survey in metropolitan Qingdao, People's Republic of China. Results indicate that a modern culture-ideology of food consumption is being built around high-income consumers who sometimes shop at supermarkets, rather than through advertising or generational differences in consumption.