Abstract
The gut microbiome is a key factor in determining inter-individual variability in response to diet. Thus, far, research in this area has focused on metabolic health outcomes such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, understanding the role of the gut microbiome in determining response to diet may also lead to improved personalization of sports nutrition for athletic performance. The gut microbiome has been shown to modify the effect of both diet and exercise, making it relevant to the athlete's pursuit of optimal performance. This area of research can benefit from recent developments in the general field of personalized nutrition and has the potential to expand our knowledge of the nexus between the gut microbiome, lifestyle, and individual physiology.
Highlights
The gut microbiome has been implicated in the modulation of human health and metabolism [1, 2]
There are similarities in microbial factors shown to be affected by exercise within the literature, directions of the effects are inconsistent, and some studies show contradictory results
High interindividual variability in response to training and physical activity is regularly reported [152] and the gut microbiome may contribute to this variability by impacting individual metabolism of food components and/or adaptation to the homeostatic stress, or training load, of the exercise stimulus [153]
Summary
The gut microbiome has been implicated in the modulation of human health and metabolism [1, 2]. This microbial “organ” has been linked to nutrition-related chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes [3,4,5,6] and has been shown to influence systemic functions including immunity [7, 8] and brain function [9, 10]. Our previous two-part review [22, 23] explored the effect of the gut microbiome on inter-individual variability in response to diet and how this may contribute to metabolic health
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