Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ (NAD+) dependent enzyme and stress response protein that has sparked the curiosity of many researchers in different branches of the biomedical sciences. A unique member of the known Sirtuin family, SIRT6 has several different functions in multiple different molecular pathways related to DNA repair, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, tumorigenesis, neurodegeneration, cardiac hypertrophic responses, and more. Only in recent times, however, did the potential usefulness of SIRT6 come to light as we learned more about its biochemical activity, regulation, biological roles, and structure Frye (2000). Even until very recently, SIRT6 was known more for chromatin signaling but, being a nascent topic of study, more information has been ascertained and its potential involvement in major human diseases including diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and heart disease. It is pivotal to explore the mechanistic workings of SIRT6 since future research may hold the key to engendering strategies involving SIRT6 that may have significant implications for human health and expand upon possible treatment options. In this review, we are primarily concerned with exploring the latest advances in understanding SIRT6 and how it can alter the course of several life-threatening diseases such as processes related to aging, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, heart disease, and diabetes (SIRT6 has also shown to be involved in liver disease, inflammation, and bone-related issues) and any recent promising pharmacological investigations or potential therapeutics that are of interest.
Highlights
Sirtuins are a family of enzymes, which are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ (NAD+ )dependent and highly conserved in various systems
In vivo studies further corroborated this fact when genetic analysis and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) with Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) deficient knockout mouse models revealed that the mice were three times as prone to acquire adenomas when compared to wild-type mice
With the emergence of these new studies on SIRT6, the substance has managed to pique the curiosity of a number of researchers in the biomedical sciences
Summary
Sirtuins are a family of enzymes, which are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ (NAD+ ). SIRT6 is a protein involved in the regulating chromatin and has been shown to have a number of roles in metabolism, aging, and disease. The initial uncovering of this histone deacetylation lead to the discovery of roles of these enzymes in variegated processes such as telomere maintenance, DNA repair, and gene expression [27]. The reasoning behind this is that this process is related to a less accessible chromatin that has a conformation, which is closed and, was less pellucid [28,29,30,31,32]
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